In this sentence

①extend oneselfv.竭尽全力；发挥出最大潜能

Synonymsexert oneself, push oneself, strain

原句中为 extend yourself（反身代词形式），字面意思是“把自己展开/拉伸”，常用于引申指一个人走出舒适区、全力以赴、挑战自己的极限。

• You will never know your limits unless you extend yourself to reach them.除非竭尽全力去触碰极限，否则你永远不会知道自己的极限在哪里。

②extend sthv.延长（时间）；扩大（范围）

Synonymsprolong, lengthen, expand

• To extend your horizons, you must first be willing to lose sight of the shore.要想拓宽视野，首先必须有勇气告别熟悉的海岸。

③extend sth to sbv.给予；表示（欢迎、谢意等）

Synonymsoffer, grant, give

• To extend kindness to others is to plant seeds of joy in your own heart.施善于人，便是在自己的心中播撒喜悦的种子。

④sth extend from... to...v.延伸；绵延

Synonymsstretch, reach, span

• The roots of the present extend from the past to the future.当下的根基，从过去一直延伸到未来。

In this sentence

①extend oneselfv.竭尽全力；发挥出最大潜能

Synonymsexert oneself, push oneself, strain oneself

原句中为动词原型 extend 接反身代词 yourself（how far you are willing to extend yourself），字面意思是“把自己延伸/拉伸到何种程度”，引申为全力以赴、挑战自己的极限。

• Man's mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions, for it has extended itself.人的心智一旦因新思想而拓宽，就再也不会缩回原样，因为他已超越了自我极限。

②an extended period of sth / extended timeadj.延长了的；长期的

Synonymsprolonged, lengthened, protracted

• No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare through an extended period.没有哪个国家能在长期的持续战争中维护自己的自由。— James Madison

③extended familyadj.大家庭（含祖父母、叔侄等三代以上同堂）

Synonymslarge family, joint family

• An extended family teaches us that our responsibilities and love do not end at our own doorstep.大家庭教会我们，责任与爱并不止步于自家的门槛之内。

④extend sth to sbv.提供；给予（欢迎、谢意等）

Synonymsoffer, proffer, grant

• Grace is the favor extended to those who do not deserve it.恩典是给予那些并不配得之人的一种恩惠。

In this sentence

①extensive sthadj.广阔的；范围广泛的

Synonymsbroad, widespread, comprehensive, vast

原句中包含其同根名词 extent（程度、范围）与动词 extend（延伸、竭尽全力），学习者由此联想记忆形容词 extensive。此处作定语，表示范围、规模或程度极其广泛和深远。

• True genius resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information, and in extensive knowledge.真正的天才在于评估不确定、危险和相互矛盾的信息的能力，以及广泛的知识储备。— Winston Churchill

②extensive damage / repairsadj.大规模的；严重的

Synonymssubstantial, considerable, heavy

• Extensive damage to the heart can only be healed by an equally profound reconstruction of character.心灵遭受的重创，唯有通过深刻的心智重塑方可治愈。

In this sentence

①the extent of sthn.程度；范围

Synonymsdegree, scale, scope, level

句中使用“the extent of sth”结构，表示某种状态或结果达到的“程度/水平”，此处指成功的大小或程度。

• The extent of your consciousness is limited only by your ability to love.你意识的广度，仅仅受限于你爱的能力。— Wayne Dyer

②to a/some/a certain extentn.在某种程度上

Synonymspartly, to a degree

• Every man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world, to some extent.在某种程度上，每个人都将自己视野的局限当作世界的边界。

③to the extent that / to what extentn.达到……的程度；到何种地步

Synonymsso far that, insofar as

• Wisdom is the abstract of the past, but beauty is the promise of the future to the extent that it delights us.智慧是过去的缩影，而美在愉悦我们的程度上，则是对未来的期许。

①an interminable sthadj.冗长的；没完没了的

Synonymsendless, unceasing, never-ending, protracted

• History is an interminable repetition of a few tragic errors.历史就是少数几个悲剧性错误的无休止重复。

②sth seems / feels interminableadj.令人觉得漫无止境的

Synonymsperpetual, drawn-out, incessant

• A single night of despair can feel interminable, yet dawn always arrives with the promise of light.绝望的一夜或许让人觉得漫无止境，但黎明总会携光而来。

①a prolonged period of sthadj.长期的；持续很久的

Synonymsextended, protracted, lengthy

• A prolonged period of comfort can weaken the spirit more than adversity ever could.长期的安逸往往比逆境更能消磨一个人的精神意志。

②prolonged exposure to sthadj.持久的；长时间的

Synonymscontinuous, sustained, chronic

• Prolonged exposure to darkness teaches the soul to recognize the smallest spark of light.长久身处黑暗，能教会灵魂去辨识最微弱的光芒。

③prolong sthv.延长；拖延（prolong的过去式及过去分词）

Synonymslengthened, extended

• To live is not merely to have prolonged life; it is to have filled it with purpose.活着不仅仅是延长了生命，更在于赋予了它意义。

①a protracted sthadj.旷日持久的；拖延的

Synonymsprolonged, drawn-out, extended, lengthened

• There is no instance of a nation benefiting from protracted warfare.兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。（从没有一个国家能从旷日持久的战争中获益。）— Sun Tzu