①absence from sthn.缺席；离开

Synonymsnon-attendance, truancy, leave

• True loyalty is proven by one's conduct, not by constant absence from duty.真正的忠诚体现在行动之中，而非对职责的屡屡缺席。

②in the absence of sthn.缺乏；不存在

Synonymslack, want, deficiency

• In the absence of justice, what is sovereignty but organized robbery?没有了正义，主权与有组织的抢劫又有何异？— Augustine of Hippo

③in sb's absencen.在某人不在场时

Synonymsaway

• Praise people in their absence and criticize them in their presence.当人不在时赞美他人，当面时指出其缺点。

①it is apparent that ...adj.显而易见；明白的

Synonymsobvious, evident, clear, plain

• It is apparent that the best way to predict the future is to create it.显而易见，预测未来最好的方式就是去创造它。

②sth is apparent to sbadj.对某人来说清晰明了

Synonymsnoticeable, visible, perceptible

• Truth is apparent to those who seek it with an honest heart.对于怀着真诚之心求索的人来说，真理是清晰明了的。

③apparent sthadj.表面上的；貌似真实的

Synonymsseeming, ostensible, superficial

• Every apparent failure is a secret step toward success.每一次表面上的失败，都是迈向成功的隐秘一步。

①apparently + clause / apparently, clauseadv.据说；貌似（根据所见所闻推测）

Synonymsseemingly, allegedly, reportedly

• Apparently, we love our own ideas best, even when they fail us.显然，我们最爱自己的想法，即便这些想法往往让我们失望。

②be apparently + adj. / v-edadv.显而易见地；表面上

Synonymsevidently, obviously, plainly

• What is apparently broken can sometimes be the very thing that heals you.表面上残缺破碎之物，有时恰恰是治愈你的良药。

In this sentence

①a lengthy sthadj.漫长的；冗长的

Synonymsprolonged, protracted, long-winded, extended

在本句中，lengthy 修饰 market report，表示“长篇大论的、冗长而繁琐的”市场报告，通常暗含时间过长或内容过多而令人厌倦的意思。

• A lengthy journey often reveals that the truest destination is the wisdom gained along the way.漫长的旅程往往揭示出，真正的终点是沿途收获的智慧。

In this sentence

①sb's presence / presence of sbn.出席；在场

Synonymsattendance, existence, company

原句中实际使用的是动词 present（/prɪˈzent/，作汇报/呈现），但此处针对所选名词 presence，最核心的基础用法即表示“在场、出席”，与 present 的同根词义形成对照关联。

• Your presence is the most precious gift you can give to another human being.你的陪伴是你能够给予他人的最珍贵的礼物。— Marshall B. Rosenberg

②have a presence in sth / have presencen.（机构等的）业务存在；风度/气场

Synonymsinfluence, footprint, bearing

• True leadership is not about having power over others, but having presence that inspires them.真正的领导力不在于凌驾于他人之上的权力，而在于能激励他人的气场。

③presence of mindn.沉着；镇定自若

Synonymscomposure, calmness, poise

• Presence of mind and courage in distress are more than half the battle.身处困境时保持镇定与勇气，便已赢得了大半战局。— Aesop

①give/make a presentation (on/about sth)n.报告；演讲；展示

Synonymstalk, lecture, address, pitch

• Designing a presentation without an audience in mind is like writing a love letter and addressing it: to whom it may concern.设计演讲时不考虑听众，就像写了一封情书，抬头却写着：致相关人士。— Ken Haemer

②the presentation of sthn.呈现方式；外观；陈列

Synonymsdisplay, arrangement, appearance, layout

• The presentation of truth often matters as much as the truth itself.真理的呈现方式往往与真理本身同样重要。

③presentation of sth (to sb)n.颁发；授予；赠送仪式

Synonymsawarding, conferral, bestowal

• The value of a gift lies not in its presentation, but in the heart of the giver.礼物的价值不在于赠予的形式，而在于赠送者的心意。

①represent sb / sthv.代表（某人、团体或国家）

Synonymsstand for, act for, speak for

• She was chosen to represent her school in the national speech competition.她被选拔代表学校参加全国演讲比赛。

②represent sthv.象征；体现

Synonymssymbolize, signify, embody

• Words represent things, but they are not the things themselves.言语象征着事物，但言语本身并不等同于事物本身。

③represent sthv.相当于；构成；意味着

Synonymsconstitute, amount to, signify

• Every act of conscious learning represents a willingness to endure pain.每一次自觉的学习，都意味着甘愿承受痛苦的决心。

④represent sb / sth as sthv.描绘；把……表现为

Synonymsdepict, portray, describe

• A wise man will represent things as they are, not as he wishes them to be.智者如实描绘事物的本来面貌，而非依照自己的意愿去粉饰它们。

①representation of sthn.表现；描绘；象征

Synonymsportrayal, depiction, rendering

• Art is a representation of our culture and our times.艺术是我们文化与时代的生动再现。

②equal/adequate representationn.代表；代表权

Synonymsdelegation, deputation

• Taxation without representation is tyranny.没有代表权的征税即是暴政。— James Otis

③legal representationn.（法律）代理；代理人

Synonymscounsel, advocacy

• Justice is denied when the poor lack adequate legal representation.当贫困者缺乏充分的法律代理时，正义便无从谈起。

④make representations to sbn.陈述；抗议；交涉

Synonymsprotest, appeal, complaint

• Citizens must make representations to those in power to safeguard their liberties.公民必须向掌权者进行交涉陈词，以捍卫自身的自由。

①a representative of sb / sthn.代表；代理人

Synonymsdelegate, spokesperson, agent, deputy

• Every artist is a representative of his era, but the greatest transcend it.每位艺术家都是其时代的代表，而最伟大的人则超越了时代。

②be representative of sthadj.有代表性的；典型的

Synonymstypical, characteristic, indicative

• The artist's work is representative of human nature, reflecting both our flaws and our beauty.艺术家的作品代表了人性，折射出我们的缺陷与美好。

③sales / customer service representativen.专员；业务代表

Synonymsagent, consultant

• A great customer service representative listens not just to words, but to human needs.优秀的客户服务代表倾听的不只是话语，更是人的内在需求。