In this sentence

①on / across / off campusn.（大学或学院的）校园

Synonymsgrounds, precinct, university grounds

原句中“sprinted across campus”表示“飞奔穿过校园”，作不可数名词或带零冠词的地点名词，指学校的整个场地范围。

• True education does not end when one walks off campus; it begins there.真正的教育并不是在人走出校园时结束，而是在那里才刚刚开始。

②campus life / politics / communityadj. (attrib.)校园的；大学的

Synonymsacademic, collegiate, university

• Campus life should be a training ground for democracy, not a sanctuary from difficult truths.大学生活应当是民主的练兵场，而不是逃避艰难真相的避难所。

①a citizen of spn.公民；国民

Synonymsnational, subject

• I am not an Athenian or a Greek, but a citizen of the world.我不是雅典人，也不是希腊人，而是世界公民。— Socrates

②private / ordinary citizenn.普通平民；老百姓

Synonymscivilian, individual

• The most important political office is that of the private citizen.最重要的政治职位是普通公民这一角色。— Louis D. Brandeis

③a citizen of sp (city/town)n.市民；城镇居民

Synonymsresident, inhabitant, townsman

• A city is not gauged by its length and width, but by the broadness of its vision and the philanthropy of its citizens.衡量一座城市的标准不在于其长宽，而在于其格局的广度与市民的博爱。— Herb Caen

In this sentence

①be civil (to/about sb/sth)adj.有礼貌的；客气的

Synonymspolite, courteous, well-mannered

句中 be civil about this 表示“在这件事上保持克制与礼貌”，常指即使心里不满或有分歧，表面上仍维持最基本的客气态度。

• They managed to be civil to each other for the sake of the children.看在孩子的份上，他们尽量对彼此保持客气。

②civil rights / society / unrestadj.公民的；国民的

Synonymscivic, public

• Freedom of speech is one of the most fundamental civil rights.言论自由是最基本的公民权利之一。

③civil life / aviationadj.民用的；民事的（非军警、非宗教）

Synonymscivilian, non-military

• The transition from military to civil life is a test of a nation's true enduring strength.从军旅生活向平民生活的平稳过渡，是对一个国家持久韧性的真正考验。

In this sentence

①civiliann.平民；老百姓（非军警人员）

Synonymsnoncombatant, private citizen, ordinary citizen

注意：原句中的词是形容词 civil（礼貌的、客气的），并非 civilian。civilian 是其同根衍生词，通常指与军人、警察相对的“平民、普通公民”。

• In modern war, the civilian has no defense against the weapon of mass destruction.在现代战争中，平民面对大规模毁灭性武器毫无防御之力。

②civilian sthadj.平民的；民用的

Synonymsnon-military, civil

• The military must always remain subordinate to civilian authority in a free society.在自由社会中，军队必须始终服从于文职权力。

In this sentence

①civilize sb / sthv.教化；使文明；使变得有礼貌、守规矩

Synonymseducate, cultivate, refine, humanize

学习者原句中实际使用的是派生词 civil（有礼貌的），属于 civilize 的同根形容词形式。动词 civilize 的核心含义即为使人摆脱野蛮、学会礼貌与规矩。

• Art should civilize people, not deaden their sensibilities.艺术应当教化人类，而非麻木他们的感知力。

②be civilizedv.开化；进入文明状态

Synonymsenlighten, develop

• To be civilized is to be capable of criticism.走向文明意味着具备批判的能力。— Matthew Arnold

In this sentence

①an overlap (between sth and sth / in sth)n.重叠；交叠部分

Synonymsintersection, coincidence, repetition

句中 overlap 前有不定冠词 an，作单数可数名词，指两件事物在内容、时间或职责上存在共同或重复的部分。

• There is a huge overlap between what is good for the environment and what is good for health.对环境有益的事物与对健康有益的事物之间存在着巨大的重合。

②sth overlap (with sth)v.（内容、时间等）部分重合；交叠

Synonymsintersect, coincide, converge

• Art, science, and life do not overlap, but they are unified by the person within whom they reside.艺术、科学与生活互不重叠，但都在承载它们的人身上融为一体。— Mikhail Bakhtin

In this sentence

①be supposed to do sthadj.应当，按规定（理应）做某事

Synonymsexpected, required, meant

句中使用了 'be supposed to spend...' 结构，表示按常理、规定或预期应该花一年的时间来完成这篇论文。

• Art is not supposed to be comfortable. It is supposed to provoke thought and encourage conversation.艺术本就不该让人感到安逸，它理应引发思考并促成对话。

②supposed sthadj.所谓的；据称的（常含怀疑态度）

Synonymsalleged, so-called, presumed

• A supposed truth accepted without question is often the greatest obstacle to real knowledge.未经质疑便盲从的所谓真理，往往是通向真知最大的阻碍。