In this sentence

①compoundingn.复利；利滚利（增长效应）

Synonymscompound interest, exponential growth, accumulation

句中作为动词 understand 的宾语，名词化指金融和财富增长领域中最核心的“复利效应”（compound interest 的机制或过程）。

• Understanding both the power of compound interest and the difficulty of getting it is the heart and soul of understanding a lot of things.理解复利的威力以及获取复利的难度，是理解许多事物本质的核心与灵魂所在。— Charlie Munger

②compound sthv.使（问题、错误等）加重；使恶化

Synonymsaggravate, worsen, exacerbate, intensify

• Ignoring a mistake only compounds the problem; wisdom begins with acknowledging the truth.忽视错误只会让问题雪上加霜；而智慧始于正视现实。

In this sentence

①a fraction of sthn.一小部分；极小量

Synonymsfragment, portion, scrap

句中 fraction 前省略了 a，指相比于全部回报（earn it all），不理解复利的人最终只能得到微不足道的一小部分收益。

• We know a subject only when we know it even down to a fraction of a degree.只有当我们对一门学科了解得细致入微时，我们才算真正掌握了它。— L. Ron Hubbard

②a fractionn.分数

Synonymsquotient, ratio, part

• Man is like a fraction, the numerator is what he is, the denominator is what he thinks of himself.人就像一个分数：分子是他真实的自我，分母是他对自我的评价。— Leo Tolstoy

In this sentence

①a fractious group / crowd / relationshipadj.内讧的；难以控制的

Synonymsunruly, contentious, rebellious, divisive

原句中实际出现的词是同词根名词 fraction（小部分/碎片）。fractious 源于拉丁语 frangere（破碎），引申为容易产生裂痕、分歧或不服管束的。在政治或群体语境中常指组织内部易起冲突、难以驾驭。

• A fractious society cannot endure if division is prized over unity.如果分裂重于团结，一个内讧不断的社会便无法长存。

②sb be fractiousadj.易怒的；暴躁任性的

Synonymsirritable, peevish, petulant, bad-tempered

• Wisdom often reveals itself when an exhausted mind learns not to become fractious.当疲惫的心灵学会不再暴躁任性时，智慧往往便会显现。

In this sentence

①fracture (in sth)n.（骨骼、物体等的）断裂，破裂，骨折

Synonymsbreak, crack, rupture

原句中实际出现的词是同根词 fraction（一小部分/分数），用户选取的目标词为 fracture。fracture 作名词时最常见指骨折或硬物的破裂、裂痕。

• Every fracture in our lives is an opening through which a new light can enter.我们生命中的每一处裂痕，都是一束新光得以照进的缝隙。

②fracture sth / fracturev.（使）破裂，（使）分裂

Synonymssplit, shatter, fragment

• Do not let a moment of anger fracture a lifetime of trust.不要让一时的愤怒打碎一生的信任。

In this sentence

①a fragment of sthn.碎片；片段

Synonymspiece, shard, remnant, scrap

原句中实际出现的词是 fragile（脆弱的），fragment 为其同根名词。在此指某物破裂后留下的‘碎片’或‘残片’，在抽象语境下常指记忆、协议或整体被破坏后剩下的零星‘片段’。

• Every act of love is a fragment of the divine.每一次爱的举动，都是神圣的一丝吉光片羽。

②fragment into sthv.分裂；破碎

Synonymssplinter, disintegrate, break up

• When trust is lost, even the strongest bonds fragment into dust.当信任逝去，即便是最牢固的纽带也会碎裂为尘土。

①fragmentation of sthn.分裂；割裂；碎片化

Synonymsdivision, splitting, breakup, disintegration

• Wholeness is what we ought to be striving for and what the fragmentation of life often prevents.圆满是我们应当追寻的状态，而生活的割裂往往阻碍了这一追求。— David Bohm

②habitat fragmentationn.（生态学）生境碎片化；栖息地破碎化

Synonymshabitat loss, isolation

• Habitat fragmentation divides nature into isolated islands, reminding us that no living thing was meant to survive alone.生境碎片化将自然分割成座座孤岛，这提醒着我们，没有任何生命注定能孤独求存。

①sb be frailadj.（人）瘦弱的；虚弱的

Synonymsfragile, feeble, weak, delicate

• We are frail creatures, and it is from our frailties that our virtues spring.我们是脆弱的人，而我们的美德往往正是从这些脆弱中萌生的。

②sth be frailadj.易损的；脆弱的

Synonymsfragile, flimsy, vulnerable

• Life is a frail vessel, tossed on a stormy sea.生命是一叶脆弱的扁舟，颠簸在暴风雨肆虐的海上。

①friction (between sb / sth)n.摩擦；争执；不和

Synonymstension, conflict, discord, clash

• Politeness is the poison of all good collaboration in art. The great thing is friction.客套是艺术中一切良好合作的毒药，最宝贵的是摩擦碰撞。— Philip Pullman

②friction (against sth)n.摩擦力；摩擦阻力

Synonymsresistance, abrasion, rubbing

• The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected without trials.玉不琢不成器，人不历经磨难难臻完美。— Seneca

①an infraction of sthn.违规；违法行为

Synonymsviolation, breach, transgression, offense

• No infraction of the moral law can ever be excused by expediency.任何违反道德法则的行为都绝不能以权宜之计作为借口。

①sth refract sthv.使折射

Synonymsbend, deflect

• Water droplets refract the light of the sun, creating rainbows where there was only rain.水滴折射太阳的光芒，在唯有阴雨之处造就彩虹。

②sth be refracted through sthv.通过……折射（呈现或被歪曲）

Synonymsdistort, filter, interpret

• Truth is refracted through the prism of each human soul, taking on the distinct colors of our experiences.真理透过每个灵魂的棱镜被折射出来，染上我们各自经历的独特色彩。

①refraction of sthn.（光、声等的）折射

Synonymsbending, deflection

• Truth, like light, blinds. Falsehood, on the contrary, is a beautiful twilight that enhances every object through refraction.真理如光般耀眼夺目；而虚妄则如美丽的暮色，借由折射让万物更具风姿。— Albert Camus

②refraction of sthn.（观点、现实等的）歪曲，曲折反映

Synonymsreflection, distortion, interpretation

• Every story is a refraction of truth through the prism of memory.每一个故事，都是真相穿过记忆棱镜后的曲折反映。