In this sentence

①affection (n.) / affect sb/sth emotionallyn.喜爱；钟爱

Synonymsfondness, love, attachment, warmth

原句中实际出现的是派生名词 affection（have an affection for sb 表示‘对某人怀有喜爱之情’），由动词 affect（打动、触动情感）演变而来，在此表达深厚的感情或喜爱。

• Every idea produces an affect, and every affect produces an idea.每一种观念都会产生一种情感反应，而每一种情感反应也会催生一种观念。— Baruch Spinoza

②affect sb / sthv.影响；对……产生作用

Synonymsinfluence, impact, alter

• You cannot change what you are, only what you do, but what you do affects who you become.你无法改变过去的自己，只能改变现在的所作所为，但你的作为会影响你未来的模样。

③affect sb deeply / emotionallyv.打动；使悲伤（感染情感）

Synonymstouch, move, distress

• Music is the art which is most capable of affecting the human soul deeply.音乐是最能深刻打动人类灵魂的艺术。

④affect sth / to do sthv.假装；冒充

Synonymsfeign, pretend, put on

• Affect ignorance in order to catch the reality.假装一无所知，方能窥见真相。

In this sentence

①have affection for sb/sthn.喜爱；钟爱

Synonymsfondness, love, attachment, warmth

学习者选词为 affected，但原句中实际使用的是其名词同根词 affection。在原句 'have a great affection for him' 中，'have affection for sb' 是固定搭配，表示'对某人怀有深厚的感情或喜爱'。

• We can only learn to love by loving, and by feeling truly affected by another's soul.我们唯有通过去爱、唯有让灵魂深切地钟爱另一个灵魂，才能学会如何去爱。

②be affected by sthv. (pass.)受到……影响；波及

Synonymsinfluenced, impacted, hit

• We are not affected by things, but by the view we take of them.影响我们的不是事物本身，而是我们看待事物的方式。— Epictetus

③be affected by / with sthadj.深受感动的；触动的

Synonymsmoved, touched, stirred

• He was deeply affected by her tragic story.他被她悲惨的故事深深打动了。

④sb / sth is affectedadj.做作的；矫揉造作的

Synonymsartificial, pretentious, insincere

• Simplicity is an acquired taste. Mankind, left to itself, adorning its art and its words, becomes affected.朴素是后天习得的品味。人类若任由天性放纵，过度粉饰艺术与言语，便会变得矫揉造作。

In this sentence

①have an affection for sb / sthn.喜爱；钟爱

Synonymsfondness, warmth, love, attachment

句中使用了 have a great affection for him，这是 affection 最核心的搭配，用于表达对某人深切的喜爱与温情。

• We can only learn to love by loving, by paying attention and having affection for the world.我们唯有通过去爱、去专注以及对世界怀有眷恋，才能学会如何去爱。— Iris Murdoch

②win / gain sb's affectionsn.赢得某人的芳心；博得某人的爱慕

Synonymsheart, favor, devotion

• To win the affections of others, one must first learn to give without demanding a return.若想赢得他人的爱慕，必须先学会付出而不求回报。

③show affectionn.表达爱意；示爱

Synonymstenderness, intimacy

• Those who cannot show affection are often the ones who need it most.那些不懂得表达爱意的人，往往是最渴望得到爱的人。

In this sentence

①affective + n.adj.情感的；情绪的

Synonymsemotional, feeling-related, sentiment-related

学习者原句中出现的是名词 affection（喜爱、钟爱），而选查的词是其同根形容词 affective。在心理学和日常学术语境中，它常用来修饰各种与情绪、情感相关的状态或障碍。

• Wisdom is the union of affective depth and cognitive clarity.智慧是情感深度与认知清晰的结合。

②affective disorderadj.（心理）情感性障碍的

Synonymsmood-related, psychological

• Understanding an affective disorder begins with accepting the vulnerability of the human mind.理解情感性障碍始于接纳人类心灵的脆弱。

①a confection of sthn.甜食；糕点

Synonymssweet, pastry, delicacy

• Happiness is like a confection of simple pleasures, best enjoyed before it melts away.幸福就像由简单纯粹的乐趣制成的甜点，最好在它消融之前细细品味。

②confectionn.精致但不实的事物；浮华之物

Synonymscreation, trifle, frivolity

• Truth needs no ornament, while falsehood is often dressed as an elaborate confection.真理无需任何修饰，而谎言往往被装扮成精致浮华之物。

①a defect in sthn.缺陷；毛病

Synonymsflaw, fault, imperfection, blemish

• If we had no defects we would not take so much pleasure in noting them in others.如果我们自己没有缺陷，就不会在发现别人的缺陷时感到如此快乐。— François de La Rochefoucauld

②defect from sth to sthv.背叛；投敌（叛逃）

Synonymsdesert, revolt, abandon

• Those who defect from truth to convenience may gain safety, but they lose their soul.那些背离真理而投向权宜之计的人或许能获得安全，却失掉了灵魂。

①defection from sth to sthn.叛逃；变节

Synonymsdesertion, treason, betrayal

• True loyalty is not the absence of doubt, but the refusal of defection from truth to convenience.真正的忠诚并非毫无疑虑，而是拒绝为了贪图便利而背离真理。

②defection from sb / sthn.脱党；倒戈（背弃组织或立场）

Synonymsabandonment, breakaway, apostasy

• A sudden defection from one's principles reveals that they were never deeply held.突然背弃自己的原则，说明那些原则从未被真正坚守过。

①have an effect on sb/sthn.对……产生影响/效果

Synonymsimpact, influence, impression

• Words have an effect on a person's life.言语会对一个人的一生产生影响。— Thich Nhat Hanh

②come into effect / take effectn.生效；起作用

Synonymsbecome operative, apply

• Law is not law, if it violates the principles of eternal justice, even when it comes into effect.法律若违背永恒正义的原则，即便生效也算不得真正的法律。

③in effectadv.实际上；事实上

Synonymsessentially, practically, virtually

• To be neutral in a situation of injustice is, in effect, to take the side of the oppressor.在不公正的境遇中保持中立，实际上就是站在了压迫者的一边。

④effect sthv.使发生；实现；引起

Synonymsbring about, achieve, cause, produce

• To effect change, you must be the change.要想实现改变，你必须先成为改变本身。

①sth is effective (in doing sth / against sth)adj.有效的；起作用的

Synonymssuccessful, efficient, productive

• The most effective way to do it, is to do it.达成目标最有效的办法，就是放手去做。— Amelia Earhart

②effective as of / from a timeadj.（法律、规章等）生效的；起作用的

Synonymsvalid, in force, operative

• True change becomes effective from the moment we decide to master ourselves.真正的改变，从我们下定决心掌控自我的那一刻起便正式生效。

③effective control / owneradj.实际上的；事实上的

Synonymsactual, virtual, practical

• He who exercises effective control over his passions achieves the truest form of freedom.能对自身欲望拥有实际控制权的人，方能获得最纯粹的自由。

①effectuate sthv.使发生；实现（尤指变革、计划或法律）

Synonymsbring about, accomplish, execute, implement

• The best way to effectuate change is to embody the principles you wish to see realized.促成变革的最好方法，就是亲自践行你希望看到的原则。

①efficiency of sthn.效率；功效

Synonymsproductivity, efficacy, effectiveness

• The efficiency of the army depends upon its discipline.军队的战斗力取决于其纪律。— Sun Tzu

②with efficiencyn.高效地；有条不紊地

Synonymscompetence, proficiency, capability

• True mastery is executing difficult tasks with efficiency and quiet confidence.真正的熟练，是以高效与从容的自信处理艰巨的任务。

①an efficient way/system/methodadj.高效的；省时省力的

Synonymseffective, productive, streamlined

• Technology is only an efficient tool; it is the human heart that decides its purpose.技术只是一种高效的工具；决定其用途的是人心。

②sb is efficient at/in (doing) sthadj.能干的；做事高效的

Synonymscompetent, capable, proficient

• Those who are truly efficient in life master the art of choosing what to ignore.生活中真正高效的人，都精通选择忽略什么的艺术。

③efficient in sth / energy-efficientadj.低耗高效的；节能的

Synonymseconomical, cost-effective

• Nature is efficient in its use of all things, wasting nothing and renewing everything.大自然在利用万物时都极其高效，从不浪费任何东西，却能让一切更新。

①make an effort to do sthn.努力；尽力

Synonymsattempt, endeavor, try

• Happiness is not something readymade. It comes from your own actions. You must make an effort to be happy.幸福不是现成的东西，它源于你自身的行动。你必须努力去争取快乐。

②put effort into sthn.付出心血；投入精力

Synonymsenergy, labor, exertion

• You get out what you put in. If you put effort into your passion, success will follow naturally.一分耕耘，一分收获。如果你在热爱的事物上倾注心血，成功自然会随之而来。

③require effortn.费力；需要耗费精力

Synonymstrouble, strain, struggle

• Growth requires effort; nothing of enduring value is achieved without hard work.成长需要付出精力；任何具有持久价值的事物，都无法脱离勤勉劳作而获得。

①infect sb/sth (with sth)v.传染；感染（疾病）

Synonymscontaminate, transmit to

• One diseased sheep will infect a whole flock.一只病羊会传染整群羊。

②infect sb (with sth)v.感染；使受影响（情绪或态度）

Synonymsinfluence, inspire, touch

• Be so positive that your optimism will infect everyone around you.保持积极向上，让你的乐观感染身边的每一个人。

③infect sthv.使（计算机等）感染病毒

Synonymscorrupt, compromise

• A single malicious code can infect an entire system before wisdom catches up.在人们察觉之前，一段恶意代码就能感染整个系统。

①infection of / in sthn.（身体部位的）感染，传染病

Synonymsdisease, ailment, contamination

• Just as an untreated infection in the body spreads, unresolved bitterness in the soul poisons every joy.正如身体上未愈的感染会扩散一样，心灵中未解的怨恨会毒害所有的快乐。

②risk / source of infectionn.传染，感染（过程或途径）

Synonymscontagion, transmission

• Fear is an infection, but courage is also contagious.恐惧是一种传染，但勇气同样具有感染力。

①infectious disease / illnessadj.传染性的；易传染的

Synonymscontagious, transmissible, communicable

• Infectious disease is one of the few things genuinely capable of bringing humanity to its knees.传染病是极少数真正能让人类屈服的事物之一。

②sth is infectiousadj.有感染力的；易引起共鸣的

Synonymscatching, contagious, irresistible

• Laughter is infectious; it is a universal language that breaks through any barrier.笑声富有感染力；它是一种能突破任何障碍的通用语言。

①sth is perfectadj.完美的；完好的

Synonymsflawless, ideal, impeccable

• Nothing is perfect, life is messy. Relationships are complex. Outcomes are uncertain.万事皆不完美，生活一团乱麻。人际关系错综复杂，结局充满变数。— Hugh Mackay

②be perfect for sb/sthadj.非常适合；完全符合需求

Synonymsideal, suitable, fitting

• The timing is never going to be perfect for life-changing decisions, so take the leap.对于足以改变人生的抉择而言，时机永远不会完全成熟，所以勇敢去跨越吧。

③perfect sthv.使完善；改善；精通

Synonymsimprove, refine, polish

• It takes a lot of time to be a genius, you have to sit around so much doing nothing, really doing nothing, to perfect your art.成为天才需要漫长的时间，你必须花大量时间无所事事，真正地放空自己，才能使你的艺术臻于完美。— Gertrude Stein

①perfectionn.完美；尽善尽美

Synonymsflawlessness, excellence, impeccability

• Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence.完美不可企及，但若追求完美，我们便能收获卓越。— Vince Lombardi

②to perfectionn.完美地；恰到好处地

Synonymsflawlessly, perfectly, ideally

• To do a common thing uncommonly well brings success, doing it to perfection brings mastery.把平凡的事做得非同寻常会带来成功，而将其做到尽善尽美则成就大师风范。

③the perfection of sthn.使……完善；改进

Synonymsrefinement, improvement, completion

• Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem—in my opinion—to characterize our age.手段的日益完善与目标的混乱迷失，在我看来，正是我们这个时代的特征。— Albert Einstein